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BACKGROUND:The heterogeneity of genetic effects on major depressive disorder (MDD) may be partly attributable to moderation of genetic effects by environment, such as exposure to childhood trauma (CT). Indeed, previous findings in two independent cohorts showed evidence for interaction between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and CT, albeit in opposing directions. This study aims to meta-analyze MDD-PRS × CT interaction results across these two and other cohorts, while applying more accurate PRSs based on a larger discovery sample. METHODS:Data were combined from 3024 MDD cases and 2741 control subjects from nine cohorts contributing to the MDD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. MDD-PRS were based on a discovery sample of ∼110,000 independent individuals. CT was assessed as exposure to sexual or physical abuse during childhood. In a subset of 1957 cases and 2002 control subjects, a more detailed five-domain measure additionally included emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. RESULTS:MDD was associated with the MDD-PRS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24, p = 3.6 × 10-5, R2 = 1.18%) and with CT (OR = 2.63, p = 3.5 × 10-18 and OR = 2.62, p = 1.4 ×10-5 for the two- and five-domain measures, respectively). No interaction was found between MDD-PRS and the two-domain and five-domain CT measure (OR = 1.00, p = .89 and OR = 1.05, p = .66). CONCLUSIONS:No meta-analytic evidence for interaction between MDD-PRS and CT was found. This suggests that the previously reported interaction effects, although both statistically significant, can best be interpreted as chance findings. Further research is required, but this study suggests that the genetic heterogeneity of MDD is not attributable to genome-wide moderation of genetic effects by CT.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.009

Type

Journal article

Journal

Biological psychiatry

Publication Date

07/2018

Volume

84

Pages

138 - 147

Addresses

Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: peyrot.w@gmail.com.

Keywords

Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Logistic Models, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Depressive Disorder, Major, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Multifactorial Inheritance, Child Abuse, Adult, Child, Female, Male, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Gene-Environment Interaction